Discover the science behind fireworks captivating colors with flame emission spectroscopy.This analytical technique, rooted in laboratory principles, elevates firework displays by creating vibrant hues through metal compounds. Fireworks are a testament to the harmony of chemistry, physics and artistry.

Our last research work presented at OPTOEL 2023 presented optical spectroscopy as a suitable analytical tool for fat content determination in tomato sauce. Fat content is very important in tomato sauce because it is a key pa-rameter in order to establish the quality of the final product. This work shows a simple and fast method to classify real tomato sauce samples coming from the food factory production line as a function of the fat content.

Nowadays, blue LEDs are taken for granted and it is easy to find them in the market. However, it took several decades and the effort of different engineers and researchers to develop an efficient blue LED. In fact, the inventors of the blue LED (Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura) earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 thanks to their creation. In this post, we explain why it took so long to manufacture a blue LED, the technical challenges that had to be faced, and why the inventors were awarded a Nobel Prize.

Photochemistry is the discipline that studies the chemical processes in which light plays a role. In this post, we do not aim to carry out a thorough analysis about photochemistry, but to provide a brief overview about some concepts we find interesting in this field. In the first place, we are going to describe the basic operation of a solar simulator, which is employed to reproduce natural sunlight. Then, we will explain two different types of reactions: photodegradation, focusing on polymers; and photocatalysis, describing two photocatalytic reactions (water splitting and CO2 reduction).

The infrared spectral region is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that covers from 700 nm to 1,000 µm. Within the infrared, usually three bands can be distinguished: near infrared (NIR, 780 nm – 3 µm), mid-infrared (MIR, 3 µm – 50 µm), and far infrared (FIR, 50 µm – 1,000 µm). There are several types of infrared source employed by researchers in their experiments, including halogen, LED, SLD, laser and globar sources. In this post, we explain their basic operation, as well as their characteristics and main applications.

Mid-infrared fibers are the ones that work in the 2 µm – 20 µm wavelength range, where silica fibers cannot be employed. There are several types, but in this post we are going to focus on two of them: fluoride fibers, which are made of several fluoride glasses, and hollow core fibers, in which the core is a hollow region. In particular, we are going to explain their main characteristics, including their advantages and weaknesses; as well as their applications, which can achieve high relevance in the next few years.

The optical fiber manufacturing process includes several steps: the preform production, the fiber draw and the performance tests. In this post, we will describe them, especially focusing on the preform fabrication. The preform is a solid glass rod that already has a core and a cladding, but their dimensions are far larger than in the final fiber. There are several techniques to produce the preform: 1) modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD), 2) outside vapor deposition (OVD), and 3) vapor axial deposition (VAD).

Glass is a key material in optics and, in particular, in optical fibers, as they are usually made of silica, the most abundant mineral found on the surface of the Earth. In this post, we are going to focus on the properties of glass. In the first place, we will answer if glass is a solid or a liquid and describe how it is obtained, including some important concepts as the glass transition. Then, it will be explained why glass is used in optical fibers, as well as the main types of glass optical fibers.

Quantum photonics is the practical application of quantum optics (the theoretical study of photons, which are the quantum of light) for the development of new technologies. Quantum photonics includes different fields such as quantum computing, quantum metrology and quantum cryptography. In this post, we provide a first approach to this domain in a simple way, describing some of its basic concepts, such as the qubit and some of its properties, like the superposition or the quantum entanglement.

In this post we present an application case of spectroscopy in the fruits and vegetables industry. The combination of reflectance spectroscopy measurements in the visible and near infrared (NIR) spectrum and an artificial neural network is employed to distinguish between branches (foreign bodies, a relevant problem in the agrifood sector) and green beans for two different types of beans: round (Phaseolus vulgaris) and flat (Phaseolus coccineus). Good results are achieved, especially in the visible spectrum, demonstrating the potential of spectroscopy.